UNION PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION RECRUITMENT FOR THE FOLLOWING POSTS
Marketing Officer(Group-1),
Seniour Scientific Officer,Grade-1 Electronics,
Seniour Scientific Officer,Grade-1 Metallurgy,
Additional Govenament Advocate Grade-2,
Assistan Legal Advisor Grade-4,
Assistant Programmer.
To Apply Online Plz Visit This Link Below
www.upsconline.nic.in
Monday 30 May 2011
GOA
GOA:
Goa is India's smallest state by area and the fourth smallest by population Located in South West India in the region Known as the Konkan, it is bounded by the state of Maharastra to the north, and by Karnataka to the east and south, while the Arabian Sea forms its Western coast.Goa is India's richest state with a GDP per capita two and half times that of the country as a whole[3].It was ranked the best placed state bye the Elventh Finance Commision for its infrastructure and ranked on top for the best quality of life in India by the National Commission on population based on the 12 Indicators.[3]
PANAJI
Panaji is the state's capital, while Vasco da Gama is the largest city.The historic city of Margo still exhibits the cultural influence of the Portuguese, who first landed in the early 16th century as merchants and conquered it soon thereafter. The Portuguese overseas territory of Portuguese India existed for about 450 years until it was annexed by India in 1961[4][5].
Reowned for its beaches, places of worship and world heritage architecture, Goa is visited by large numbers of international and domestic tourists each year. It also has rich flora and fauna, owing to its location on the Western Ghats range, which is classified as a biodiversity hotspot contents
Etymology:
The name Goa came to European languauges from the portuguese, but its precise origin is unclear.In ancient literature, Goa was Known by many names such as Gomanta,Gomanchala, Gopakapattam,Gopakapuri,Govapuri,Govem, and Gomantak.The inian epic Mahabharata refers to the area now known as Goa, as Goparashtra or Govarashtra which means a nation of cowhers.Gopakapuri or Gopakapattanam were used in some ancient Sanskrit texts, and these names were also mentioned in other scared Hindu texts such as the Harivasa and the Skanda Purana.In the latter,Goa is also known as Aparantha, and is mentioned by the Greek geographer Ptolemy.The Greeks referred to Goa as Nelkinda in the 13th century. Some other historical names for Goa are Sindapur,Sandabur. and Mahassapatam.
HISTORY:
Goa's history stretches back to 8000-6000 BC.Early Paleolithic and Mesolithic rock art engraving have been found on the bank of river Kushavati at Usgalimal.Petroglyphs,cones,stone-axe,choppers dating back 10,000 years back have been found in many places in goa like Kaxur Mauxim and the Mandovi-Zuari basin Paleolithic cave existance is seen at Dabolim,Adkon,Shigoa,Fatorpa,Arli,Maulinguinim,Diwar,Sanguem,Pilerne,Aquem-Margoan etc.Difficulty in carbon dating the laterite rock compunds poses problems in determination of exact time period.These discoveries have shed light on Goa's prehistory.
Gold coins issued by the Kadamba king of Goa,Shivachitta Pramadideva.Circa 1147-1187 AD.
The Sumerians inhabited Goa around 220BC which was followed by several waves of Indo-Aryan people and the Dravidians from the Deccan.The early Goan society underwent radical changes when aboriginal locals and the migrants amalgamated,forming the base of early culture.
In 3rd century BC, it formed part of the Mauryan Empire,ruled by the Buddhist emperor,Ashoka of Magadha.Buddhist monks laid the foundation of Buddhism in Goa.Between the 2nd century BCE and the 6th century CE,Goa was ruled by the Chutus of Karwar as feudatories of the Satavahanas of Kolhapur(2nd century BCE to the 2nd Century CE), Western Kshatrapas(around 150CE), the Abhiras of Western Maharashtra,Bhojas of the Yadav clans of Gujarat, and the Konkan Mauryas of feudatories of the Kalachuris.
The rule later passed on to the Chalukyas of Badami, Who controlled it between 578 to 753, and later the Rashtrakutas of Malkhed from 753 to 963.However from 765 to 1015, the southern Silharas of Konkan ruled Goa as the feudatories of the Chalukyas and the Rashtrkutas over the next few centuries,Goa was successive ruled by the Kadambas as the feudatories of Chalukyas of Kalyani.They patronised Jainism in Goa.
In 1312,Goa came under the governance of the Delhi sultanate.However,the kingdom's grip on the region was weak, and by 1370 they were forced to surrneder it to Harihars-I of the Viajanagara empire.The Vijayanagara monarchs held on to the territory until 1469,when it was appropriated by the Bahmani sultans of Gulbarga.Afrer that dynasty crumbled, the area fell to the hands of Adil Shahis of Bijapur who established as their auxiliary capital the city known under the Portuguese as Velha Goa.
The Cathedral at Old Goa, an example of Portguese influnece
Coat of Arms of Goa as a Portuguese enclave 1935-1961
In 1510, the Portuguese defeated the ruling Bijapur kings with the help of lacal ally,Timayya,leading to the establishment of permanent settlement in Velha Goa(or Old Goa).
In 1843 the capital was moved to Panjim from Velha Goa. By the mid-18tj century the area under occupation had expanded to most of Goa's present day state limits.Simulataneously the Portuguese lost other Possessions in India until their borders stabilised and formed the Estado da India Portuguesa,Which Goa was the largest territory.
After India gained independence from the British in 1947,Portugal refused to negotiate with India on the transfer of sovereignty of their Indian enclaves.on 12 December 1961,the Indian Army commenced with Operation Vijay resulting in the annexation of Goa,Daman and Diu into the Indian Union.Goa, along with Daman and Diu was made into a centrally administered Union Territory of India On 30 May 1987,the Union Territory was split, and Goa was made India's twenty-fifth state,with Daman and Diu remaining Union Territories.
Goa's main rivers are the Mandovi,the Zuari,the Terekhol,Chapora River and the Sal.The Mormugoa harbour on the mouth of the River Zuari is one of the best natural harbours in SouthAsia.The Zuari and the Mandovi are the lifetimes of Goa,with their tributaries draining 69% of its geographic area.These rivers are some of the busiest rivers in India.Goa has more than forty estuarine,eight marine and about ninety riverine islands.The total navigable lenght of GOa's rivers is 253km(157miles).Goa has more than three hundred ancient tanks built during the rule of the Kadamba dynasty over hundred medicinal springs.
Air
Goa's sole airport,the Dabolim Airport,is both a military and civilian airport catering to domestic and international airlines that stop en route to other Indian destinations.Goa receives international flights from Qatar,Dubai,sharjah and Kuwait in the Middle East and from Britain,Germany,netherlands and Russia during the charter flight tourist season.Dabolim Airport is serviced and Russis during the charter flight tourist season.Dublin Airport is serviced by the following carriers-Air Arabia,Indian Airlines,Kingfisher Airlines,Go Air,SpiceJet,Jet Airways,Quatar Airways,besides charter flights from the UK,Netherlands,Russia,Germany operated by Thomas cook,Condor,Arkefly,Monarch Airlines etc.
Road:
Goa had two National Highways passing through it.NH-17 runs along India's west coast and links Goa to Mumbai in the north and Mangalore to the south NH-4A running across the state connects the capital Panjim to Belgaum in east,linking Goa to cities in the Deccan.The NH-17A connects NH-17 to Mormugoa Harbour from Cortalim,and the new NH-17B, is four lane highway connecting Mormugoa Harbour to NH-17B, is a four lane highway connecting Mormugoa Harbour to NH-17 at another location,Verna,via Dabolim airport Goa has a total of 224km(139mi) of National highway,232km(144mi) of state highway and 815km of district highway.Hired forms of transport include unmetered taxis,and, in unrabn areas,auto rickshaws.A unique from of transport in Goa is the Motorcycle taxi,operated by dricers who are locally called "pilots".These vehicles transport by flat-bottomed ferry boats,operated by the river navigation departments.
Rail:
Margoa railywaystation
Goa has two rail lines.one run by the south western Railway and the other by the Konkan Railway.The line run by the South Western Railway was built during the colonial era linking the port town of Vasco de Gama,Goa with Hubli,Karnataka via Margoa.The Konkan Railway line,which was built during the 1990's,runs parallel to the coast connecting major cities on the western coas.
Sea:
The Mormugoa harbour near the city of Vasco handles mineral ore,petroleum,coal and international containers.Much of the shipments consist of minerals and ores from Goa's hinterland Panjim, which is sitauted on the banks of Mandovi,also has minor port,which used to handle passenger steamers between Goa and Mumbai till the late 1980s.There was also a short-lived catamaran service linking Mumbai and Panaji operated by Damania Shipping in the 1990s.
Museums and science center:
Goa also has few museums,the two important ones being Goa state Museum and the Naval Aviation on Museum.The Aviation museum is the only one of its kind in the whole of Indisa.[citation nedded]Also,a place not well known to tourists is the Goa Science Center,which is located in Panjim.The National Institute of Oceanography(NIO)is also located in Goa at Dona Paula.
Goa is a Land Of Beaches:
Goa has many Beaches,Colva,Calunguati,Baga,Island beach etc.
Places Of Interest:
StAugustine Towes
Ancestral Goa-Loutuim
Churches
Mosques
Astronomical Observatory
Art & Museums
Temples
Flea Market
Nature-Wildlife/Enivironment
Forts
Beaches
Goan"Elegant"House
Spice Farm Ponda
Pumburpa spring
Towns/Cities/Villages:
Anjuna
Panji
Old Goa
Margoa
Mapusa
Daman&Diu
Dona Paula
Harmal(Arambol)
Santa Cruz
Goa Holiday Packages:
Goa Holiday Packages plz visit below the link
www.goa-tourism.com
Hotels In Goa Beaches In Goa:
Cheaper Hotel Resorts at Goa Beaches, plz visit the below
www.gogoa.com
Enjoy your Trip To Goa
Goa is India's smallest state by area and the fourth smallest by population Located in South West India in the region Known as the Konkan, it is bounded by the state of Maharastra to the north, and by Karnataka to the east and south, while the Arabian Sea forms its Western coast.Goa is India's richest state with a GDP per capita two and half times that of the country as a whole[3].It was ranked the best placed state bye the Elventh Finance Commision for its infrastructure and ranked on top for the best quality of life in India by the National Commission on population based on the 12 Indicators.[3]
PANAJI
Panaji is the state's capital, while Vasco da Gama is the largest city.The historic city of Margo still exhibits the cultural influence of the Portuguese, who first landed in the early 16th century as merchants and conquered it soon thereafter. The Portuguese overseas territory of Portuguese India existed for about 450 years until it was annexed by India in 1961[4][5].
Reowned for its beaches, places of worship and world heritage architecture, Goa is visited by large numbers of international and domestic tourists each year. It also has rich flora and fauna, owing to its location on the Western Ghats range, which is classified as a biodiversity hotspot contents
Etymology:
The name Goa came to European languauges from the portuguese, but its precise origin is unclear.In ancient literature, Goa was Known by many names such as Gomanta,Gomanchala, Gopakapattam,Gopakapuri,Govapuri,Govem, and Gomantak.The inian epic Mahabharata refers to the area now known as Goa, as Goparashtra or Govarashtra which means a nation of cowhers.Gopakapuri or Gopakapattanam were used in some ancient Sanskrit texts, and these names were also mentioned in other scared Hindu texts such as the Harivasa and the Skanda Purana.In the latter,Goa is also known as Aparantha, and is mentioned by the Greek geographer Ptolemy.The Greeks referred to Goa as Nelkinda in the 13th century. Some other historical names for Goa are Sindapur,Sandabur. and Mahassapatam.
HISTORY:
Goa's history stretches back to 8000-6000 BC.Early Paleolithic and Mesolithic rock art engraving have been found on the bank of river Kushavati at Usgalimal.Petroglyphs,cones,stone-axe,choppers dating back 10,000 years back have been found in many places in goa like Kaxur Mauxim and the Mandovi-Zuari basin Paleolithic cave existance is seen at Dabolim,Adkon,Shigoa,Fatorpa,Arli,Maulinguinim,Diwar,Sanguem,Pilerne,Aquem-Margoan etc.Difficulty in carbon dating the laterite rock compunds poses problems in determination of exact time period.These discoveries have shed light on Goa's prehistory.
Gold coins issued by the Kadamba king of Goa,Shivachitta Pramadideva.Circa 1147-1187 AD.
The Sumerians inhabited Goa around 220BC which was followed by several waves of Indo-Aryan people and the Dravidians from the Deccan.The early Goan society underwent radical changes when aboriginal locals and the migrants amalgamated,forming the base of early culture.
In 3rd century BC, it formed part of the Mauryan Empire,ruled by the Buddhist emperor,Ashoka of Magadha.Buddhist monks laid the foundation of Buddhism in Goa.Between the 2nd century BCE and the 6th century CE,Goa was ruled by the Chutus of Karwar as feudatories of the Satavahanas of Kolhapur(2nd century BCE to the 2nd Century CE), Western Kshatrapas(around 150CE), the Abhiras of Western Maharashtra,Bhojas of the Yadav clans of Gujarat, and the Konkan Mauryas of feudatories of the Kalachuris.
The rule later passed on to the Chalukyas of Badami, Who controlled it between 578 to 753, and later the Rashtrakutas of Malkhed from 753 to 963.However from 765 to 1015, the southern Silharas of Konkan ruled Goa as the feudatories of the Chalukyas and the Rashtrkutas over the next few centuries,Goa was successive ruled by the Kadambas as the feudatories of Chalukyas of Kalyani.They patronised Jainism in Goa.
In 1312,Goa came under the governance of the Delhi sultanate.However,the kingdom's grip on the region was weak, and by 1370 they were forced to surrneder it to Harihars-I of the Viajanagara empire.The Vijayanagara monarchs held on to the territory until 1469,when it was appropriated by the Bahmani sultans of Gulbarga.Afrer that dynasty crumbled, the area fell to the hands of Adil Shahis of Bijapur who established as their auxiliary capital the city known under the Portuguese as Velha Goa.
The Cathedral at Old Goa, an example of Portguese influnece
Coat of Arms of Goa as a Portuguese enclave 1935-1961
In 1510, the Portuguese defeated the ruling Bijapur kings with the help of lacal ally,Timayya,leading to the establishment of permanent settlement in Velha Goa(or Old Goa).
In 1843 the capital was moved to Panjim from Velha Goa. By the mid-18tj century the area under occupation had expanded to most of Goa's present day state limits.Simulataneously the Portuguese lost other Possessions in India until their borders stabilised and formed the Estado da India Portuguesa,Which Goa was the largest territory.
After India gained independence from the British in 1947,Portugal refused to negotiate with India on the transfer of sovereignty of their Indian enclaves.on 12 December 1961,the Indian Army commenced with Operation Vijay resulting in the annexation of Goa,Daman and Diu into the Indian Union.Goa, along with Daman and Diu was made into a centrally administered Union Territory of India On 30 May 1987,the Union Territory was split, and Goa was made India's twenty-fifth state,with Daman and Diu remaining Union Territories.
Goa's main rivers are the Mandovi,the Zuari,the Terekhol,Chapora River and the Sal.The Mormugoa harbour on the mouth of the River Zuari is one of the best natural harbours in SouthAsia.The Zuari and the Mandovi are the lifetimes of Goa,with their tributaries draining 69% of its geographic area.These rivers are some of the busiest rivers in India.Goa has more than forty estuarine,eight marine and about ninety riverine islands.The total navigable lenght of GOa's rivers is 253km(157miles).Goa has more than three hundred ancient tanks built during the rule of the Kadamba dynasty over hundred medicinal springs.
Air
Goa's sole airport,the Dabolim Airport,is both a military and civilian airport catering to domestic and international airlines that stop en route to other Indian destinations.Goa receives international flights from Qatar,Dubai,sharjah and Kuwait in the Middle East and from Britain,Germany,netherlands and Russia during the charter flight tourist season.Dabolim Airport is serviced and Russis during the charter flight tourist season.Dublin Airport is serviced by the following carriers-Air Arabia,Indian Airlines,Kingfisher Airlines,Go Air,SpiceJet,Jet Airways,Quatar Airways,besides charter flights from the UK,Netherlands,Russia,Germany operated by Thomas cook,Condor,Arkefly,Monarch Airlines etc.
Road:
Goa had two National Highways passing through it.NH-17 runs along India's west coast and links Goa to Mumbai in the north and Mangalore to the south NH-4A running across the state connects the capital Panjim to Belgaum in east,linking Goa to cities in the Deccan.The NH-17A connects NH-17 to Mormugoa Harbour from Cortalim,and the new NH-17B, is four lane highway connecting Mormugoa Harbour to NH-17B, is a four lane highway connecting Mormugoa Harbour to NH-17 at another location,Verna,via Dabolim airport Goa has a total of 224km(139mi) of National highway,232km(144mi) of state highway and 815km of district highway.Hired forms of transport include unmetered taxis,and, in unrabn areas,auto rickshaws.A unique from of transport in Goa is the Motorcycle taxi,operated by dricers who are locally called "pilots".These vehicles transport by flat-bottomed ferry boats,operated by the river navigation departments.
Rail:
Margoa railywaystation
Goa has two rail lines.one run by the south western Railway and the other by the Konkan Railway.The line run by the South Western Railway was built during the colonial era linking the port town of Vasco de Gama,Goa with Hubli,Karnataka via Margoa.The Konkan Railway line,which was built during the 1990's,runs parallel to the coast connecting major cities on the western coas.
Sea:
The Mormugoa harbour near the city of Vasco handles mineral ore,petroleum,coal and international containers.Much of the shipments consist of minerals and ores from Goa's hinterland Panjim, which is sitauted on the banks of Mandovi,also has minor port,which used to handle passenger steamers between Goa and Mumbai till the late 1980s.There was also a short-lived catamaran service linking Mumbai and Panaji operated by Damania Shipping in the 1990s.
Museums and science center:
Goa also has few museums,the two important ones being Goa state Museum and the Naval Aviation on Museum.The Aviation museum is the only one of its kind in the whole of Indisa.[citation nedded]Also,a place not well known to tourists is the Goa Science Center,which is located in Panjim.The National Institute of Oceanography(NIO)is also located in Goa at Dona Paula.
Goa is a Land Of Beaches:
Goa has many Beaches,Colva,Calunguati,Baga,Island beach etc.
Places Of Interest:
StAugustine Towes
Ancestral Goa-Loutuim
Churches
Mosques
Astronomical Observatory
Art & Museums
Temples
Flea Market
Nature-Wildlife/Enivironment
Forts
Beaches
Goan"Elegant"House
Spice Farm Ponda
Pumburpa spring
Towns/Cities/Villages:
Anjuna
Panji
Old Goa
Margoa
Mapusa
Daman&Diu
Dona Paula
Harmal(Arambol)
Santa Cruz
Goa Holiday Packages:
Goa Holiday Packages plz visit below the link
www.goa-tourism.com
Hotels In Goa Beaches In Goa:
Cheaper Hotel Resorts at Goa Beaches, plz visit the below
www.gogoa.com
Enjoy your Trip To Goa
Tuesday 24 May 2011
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WHICH TEAM WILL WIN TODAY'S MATCH
WHICH TEAM WILL WIN TODAY'S MATCH THE SECOND QUALIFIER MATCH
MI vs KKR To Be Played at Wankhede Stadium Mumbai 25May 08.00pm. FOr more Live Score plz Visit These Links. You can start Predict On YOur Favrite Team.
www.cricket.yahoo.com
www.castrolcricket.com/ipl-2011/
MI vs KKR To Be Played at Wankhede Stadium Mumbai 25May 08.00pm. FOr more Live Score plz Visit These Links. You can start Predict On YOur Favrite Team.
www.cricket.yahoo.com
www.castrolcricket.com/ipl-2011/
Monday 23 May 2011
Govt Jobs
Recruitment of Probationary Officers in Sate bank of india
Date of Examination :24.07.2011
Online Rigistration will start from :18.05.2011
Last date For Rigistration Online closes:09.06.2011
Total No of Vacencies :1000
www.sbi.co.in
Recriutment Of Officers Scale-2,Officers Scale-1- Group"A" & Office Assistants Group"B" in Saptagir Grameena Bank.
Total No. of Vacencies:80
Online Registration Starts From :18.05.2011
Last date For Submission Of Online Application :10.06.2011
For the application plz visit www.saptagirigrameenabank.in
For Govt. Staff selection Jobs. plz visit www.ssc.nic.in
Date of Examination :24.07.2011
Online Rigistration will start from :18.05.2011
Last date For Rigistration Online closes:09.06.2011
Total No of Vacencies :1000
www.sbi.co.in
Recriutment Of Officers Scale-2,Officers Scale-1- Group"A" & Office Assistants Group"B" in Saptagir Grameena Bank.
Total No. of Vacencies:80
Online Registration Starts From :18.05.2011
Last date For Submission Of Online Application :10.06.2011
For the application plz visit www.saptagirigrameenabank.in
For Govt. Staff selection Jobs. plz visit www.ssc.nic.in
Friday 20 May 2011
SSC Results 2011. 10th Results
Results vl b declared by 21st may 2011.
To get the SSC Results plz check these link's
www.bharatstudent.com,
www.schools9.com,
www.manabadi.co.in,
www.indiaresults.com
SSC-New Standard Grading System
Marks Grades
91-100 A1
81-90 A2
71-80 B1
61-70 B2
51-60 C1
41-50 C2
33-40 D
21-32 E1
Below 20 E2
Best Of Luck
To get the SSC Results plz check these link's
www.bharatstudent.com,
www.schools9.com,
www.manabadi.co.in,
www.indiaresults.com
SSC-New Standard Grading System
Marks Grades
91-100 A1
81-90 A2
71-80 B1
61-70 B2
51-60 C1
41-50 C2
33-40 D
21-32 E1
Below 20 E2
Best Of Luck
Thursday 19 May 2011
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International Job Portals
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International Job Portals
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Tuesday 10 May 2011
CAVES
BELUM CAVES:
Originally discovered in 1854 by HB.Foote, these subturnane passages were explored by the department of archealogy and museums,follwed by team of european spalegist led by Mr Gebaner,Belum caves are the second largest natural caves in indian Sub. continent after meghalaya caves.
These underground caves are located on a flat agricultural field, have 3 well like cavities with the central one being the main entrance to the caves.
After a descent of 20 meters at the entrance, the cave is horizontal & has a length of
3229meters.Longer than Borra Caves in vishakapatnam district Belum caves have long passages. spacious chambers. fresh water galleries and siphons. All this makes Belum caves a geological & archeological attraction worldwide.
How to Reach This place:
Road : Belum is located 106kms from kurnool.It is well connected by road.
Rail: Belum is 106kms from Kurnool Railwaystation.
Air: hydrabad Airport.
BORRA CAVES,Kirinrandal.
These limestone caves were formed as a result of the action of Gosthani River.The river, which now flows through these caves, was one upon a time flowing over the limestone area. Due to the pressure exerted by the river water on the mineral deposits, the limestone dissolved and gradually the caves were formred in the process, giving rise to several intresting structures like- a mushroom, a temple,a mosque, a church and many more.
How to Reach This Place:
Road: 90kms from vishakapatnam and on the way to araku valler.
Road: 90km from vishakapatnam.
UNDAVALLI CAVES,Undavalli:
The Undavalli caves, in the village of Undavalli, are at a distance of and nearly te high hill overlooking the krishna river hosts fine specimens of rock cut architectural of the Buddhists.
These caves ware exvavated in 4th-5th centuries A.D. these four storied caves with a 5m long reclining statue of Lord vishnu sculpted from a single block of granite, is one of the best and earliest type here.
How to Reach This Place:
Road: Undavalli is 8km from vijayawada.Busses and taxis are available from vijayawada.
Rail: Undavalli is 8km from vijayawada.
Airport: 280km from Hydrabad
YAGANTI CAVES, Yagenti:
The natural caves at Yaganti such as Rokalla cave, Venkateswara cave,Sanka cave, and Veera Brahmam caves add beauty and serenity to this holy palce. potuluri Veera Brahmam had written his monumental work, Kalagnanam in this cave only.
How to Reach This Place:
Road: Yaganti is situated at a distance of 13kms, from Banaganapalle and 100kms from Kurnool.Yaganti is well connected by road and there are frequent buses from Kurnool and Banaganapalle.
Rail: Kurnool railway station
Air: Hyderabad Airport.
AJANTA ANS ELLORA CAVES:
Location:
The rock cut caves of Ajanta and Ellora lies in the city of Aurangabad in Maharastra in India.The caves of Ajanta and Ellora are one of the most amazing archaeological sites in India.These are not natural sites but the man made caves,which have been built by cutting the huge granite heillside.According to the historical evidences caves were built by the Hindu,Jain and Buddist monks,who stayed and mediated here for the longer period of time.Ellero caves start from the point from where the Ajanta caves ends.Ajanta caves are older than the Ellora caves.Each cave at Ajanta and Ellora has the different story tell.TOurists can make a visit to this place at any time during the year.
HISTORY:
The caves of Ajanta and Ellora were somehow forgotten,but were rediscovered by the group of British officers in 1845 when they were haunting in the Deccan Plateau.while haunting one of the official discovered the horseshoe rock from the distance.Their curiosity aroused to explore the place.Soon they discovered several caves behind the bushes and informed to the government.The Archaeologist began excavating the caves.The caves also finds mention in the writings of the Hiuen Tsang,the chinese pilgrim,who visited India between the 629 and 645 AD.The caves provides the finest example from the Chalukya,Kalachuri,and Rashtrakuta periods.These caves are located near the ancient trade route between Ujjain in MadhyaPradesh and the west coast.The caves were roughly constructed somewhere between the 200 BC and 650.It is also believed that these caves are the handiwork of the priest and Buddiest,Jain and Hindu monks who frequently visited the place.
ARCHITECTURAL SIGNIFICANCE:
The rock cut caves of the Ajanta and Ellora are the architectural marvel that also finds plce in World Heritage list.BOth the caves of Ajanta and Ellora are cut out from the volcanic lava of the Deccan Plateau.There are total of 29 caves in Ajanta.The caves houses some of the wonderful well preserved paintings,which include two great Boddhisattbvas,Padmapanu,and Avalkieshvera.The most interesting among them are the Jatake tales that illustrate the diverse stories related to the previous incarnations of the Buddha.Some of the caves in Ajanta boosts of some of the most divine sculptures.The flying apsara and the image of Buddha in the cave number 17 is simply amazing.
There are total of 34 caves in Ellora,which houses the elaborate facedes and exquisitely adorned interiors.Te 12 caves which lies in the southward direction are Buddhist caves, 17 in the middle are the Hindu caves while 5 in the north direction are the Jain caves.The sculpture in the Buddhist caves beautigully presents the nobilty and grace of Lord Buddha.Tourist are recommended to make a visit to the Kailasa temple in the cave 16.Is is dedicated to Lord Shiva and is the world's largest monolith with the gateway,pavilion,sanctum,assembly hall and tower all cut out of one single rock.Ellero caves also contains the image of Vishwakarma,who was the patron saint of Hindu craftsman.
TOURISTS ACTIVITES:
Tourists can spend time by indulging themselves in the photography.As the Ajanta caves faces eastwards so the best time to take pictures is the morning time.The caves of Ellora faces westward so its good to capture the pictures in the noon time. Apart from photography you can take the leisure time venturing in the clipped lawns.Tourists can also make a visit to the Siddhadtha Gardens and Bibi Ka Maqbara-the Mausoleum of Akbar'sQueen.
ELLORA FESTIVAL:
Tourists can also be a part of the Ellora festival,held in the month of March every year.you can enjoy the classical programmes performed by the prominent artists.The festival is organized by the Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation.
Monday 9 May 2011
CUDDAPAH BLACK STONE OF BETAMCHERLA
Betamcherla is an Industrial area famous for stone's here it's about 400 to 500 industries are there nd the source of work for the people is much.There are colour polished stones of different colours available here. the cost of stone depends upon the quality, colour & mesurements.
PALKUR:
Palkur is famous for black stone extracted mines. Here a number of mines located here. the land of betamcherla is famous for stone. The stone from mines come to factorys, there the stones with roughly surfaces. after getting them into the factorys there they vl b polished vth the machines nd make the surfaces of rough stones into polished surfaces. then they r ready to sell according to their costs.
The factorys need machines vch we called as high polish machines to polish the stones nd edge cutting machines and centre cutting machines for cutting the stone according their mesurements.
The stone of betamcherla is exported to countries like UK, Australia, Dubai, etc.these stone's goes along wide india. these stone are used for building constructions,for fooring and for shelfs.
LOCATION
Betamcherla is located in Andhrapradesh state kurnnol(dt). from hydrabad its about 260km to betamcherla.
SHAH SLABS
KURNOOL ROAD, BETHAMCHERLA(m),
Kurnool(dt),Andhrapradesh state,
India.518599
CUDDAPAH STONE QUOTATION:
We supply of kadappah black polished & unpolished stones of all sizes & table tops, kitchen tops,etc.the price of stone vl change according to the market.
We supply Export quality stone also,Here are the,
Brush Polish,
Calibilation,
Sand Blast,
HAND CUTTING ROUGH STONES also
Contact:
Syed Ahamed,
+919440380887,9032760309,
08516 273808.
E mail:
shahslabs@gmail.com
CUDDAPAH BLACKEXPORT STONE:
We offer to our clients a complete range of high quality stone.These are used as a building stone.because of their oil resistant properties,cuddpahstone show high resistance in freezing and thawing conditions.These stone are commonly used as tiles, slabs in flooring, wall cladding,vanity tops and for paving the floors of large commercial complexes,hospital,airports,shopping malls,railway stations, parks etc.
These stone's export to other countries like UK,Australia,Spain,Dubai etc.for these stone's there is much demand.
Sunday 8 May 2011
Taj Mahal
Taj Mahal:
Although such a devotion to a wife reaching to build a monument seemed like a weakness for an emperor, Shah Jahan was clearly determined. He chose a peaceful site by the reiver of Jumna about one and a half miles away from Agra on the southern edge of the city, where could be seen from the Agra Fortress.The closeness to the river also met the water need for the construction garden.
Shah Jahan decided to move Mumtaz to Agra in December 1631 and was buried in a domed building temporarily on the construction site of the unique mausoleum in January 8, 1632.
Mir Abul Karim and Mukamat Khan was positioned as supervisors of the construction, however the architect was never mentioned by the Mogul Empire's historians that left questions and disputes about the architect. Even though some insists that the building was the work of a European, the ventian Geronimo Vereneo, there is no trace of European architectural style. Also Vareno's tomstone in Agra, where the christians were burried, it was stated that he died in Lahore but nothing more about the construction of Taj Mahal. The most reliable architect might be Ustad Ahmad Lahori, who was the architect of the RedFort of agra and most probably took part in the construction of Taj Mahal, which was indeed emphasised in a poem of his son Lutfullah Muhandis.
The body of Mumtaz laid for the third and the finally at the center of mausoleum on north-south with her face turned westward to Holy Mecca in May 26, 1633.The three domed mosque was situated on the west with its alcove namely mihrab pointing the direction of Mecca for the prayers. The mosque on the east side might not used as a mosque in purpose but a pilgrimage guesthouse as the back wall was not marking Mecca. It might most probably build for the symmetry or echoing.
The place was important for the piligrims as Mumtaz died in chilbirth who was considered as martyr following Islamic tradiations. The building is influenced mostly from central Asian and persian architecture combined with Muslim architecture. The construction was finished in twenty two years with the power of twenty thousand workers. Also the intricate stone carving usage, the domed kiosk namely chattri, are the traces of Hindu architecture.
The characteristic Mogul octagonal design with eight chambers representing the eight divisions of the Koran was used in Taj Mahal and was topped by a gignatic double dome.The inner dome is about eighty feer from the ground. The gignatic outer dome rises like fruit or a flower bulb with its excellent proportion and is surrounded by four domed kiosks.
The platform with 970 feet length and 364 feet width raising the mausoleum from the ground is surrounded by three storey four minarets on the corners with 139 feet height and complted with octagonal chattris. The building was made with mathematical calculations leaving no space for fault in symmetry and balance. Brick, red sandstone and white marble were commponly used as the three main materials and finished with polished plaster on the surface. The constructions started in January 1632 with approximately five thousand labourers both local and from the other places of the empire with the marble platform.
The huge white marble were carried from Makrana on southwest of Jaipur(Amber) about four hundred kilometres away; stone cutter and carts were also rented as the order of Empire to be paid by the Empire Treacure. The marbles were cut flawlessly with out any crack. In fact te mausoleum was not of pure marble but of bricks faced with marble. The bricks were made nearby the construction area, therefore, eliminating the transportaion problem. Although it is not certain, the brick scaffolding might have been used rather than bamboo or the wood, if the weight and the worth of the materials were considered. The three feet above the ground was faced with marble, continued then with marble plastured bricks in the interior parts of the mausleum.
Because the use of images of humen or animals is strictly prohibited in Islamic tradiations due to the belief of eualising the images with god, Islamic calligraphic designs, mostly writings of koran, were commonly used inside and outside of the pure white building as the very important art of ornamentation. The talented persian Abdu-ul-Haqq with the title of "Amanat Khan" was positioned in Taj Mahal's calligraphic decoration who was before appointed by Jahangir on Akbar's tomb. He was also reputed to be the only one who was allowed to sign his works in Taj Mahal.
His dated signatures give clues about the building duration and also reveal that the calligraphic works were started from up to down in outmost artistry. while the calligraphic work of the mausoleum was nearly complted by the end of 1637, Amanat was promoted and rewared honourably by Shah Jahan with more salary and an elephant. According to the unsighned work on the gateway dated 1637 unfilds the magnificent inscriptions on the tomb was however must have been finished by another as Amanat Khan died around 1647-1648 after his last signature on the north front of the great gate with the inscription "Finished with his help, the Most High,*1057"(*lunar calender). Also, the stone carving and especially in mosque and guesthouse the floral themes as the sign of paradise are also considerably used in Taj Mahal as the main ornamentation types together with more than forty different types of gems came from various countries. Also some caravanserais were also built for the merchants and carriers around the construction area in order to meet their needs.
Taj Mahal History:
In the year 1631 Shah Jahan, once a Muslim army commander, the Mogul Emperor in central India lost his beloved pregnent wife Mumtaz Mahal only a few minutes after giving birth to her fourteenth child, a daughter. The final request of his wife was for him not to marry again and prove their endless love by building a dreamlike beautiful mausoleum.
The emperor mourned his dearest wife for two years, changing his wealthy appearance into pure and simple. It was told that his hair turned white in one night because of his deep sadness. As promised, Shah Jahan built the Taj Mahal, in Agra in nothern india by the river of Jumna fulfilling the dream of his wife.
The enormous Taj Mahal with a dome height of 240 feet which carries approximately twelve thousand tons was enriched with lovable gardens. The architectural style was a blend of Hindu and Muslim to this day it is not known who the architect was.
Passion:
During the centuries Taj Mahal became an international significant symbol with its poetic beauty, overwhelming passion,purity and somewhat melancholic.
The style and wealth inspired many European artists leaving remarkable signs in their works such as Rembrandt's or Shah Mosques of Isfahan.
The Mausoleum:
The mausoleum- known with the names of "holy tomb"(rauza-i maqqadas), "illuminated tomb"(rauza-i munawara) and "pure tomb" (rauza-i mutahhara) unquestionably deserves all thse expressions with its perfect order, harmony, purity and symmetry.
"Hasht Bihist", the architectural plan preferred by the Moguls for tombs and garden pavilions is used in the mausoleum skillfully in cross-axial symmetry. The plan is set on "Baghdadi Octagan" with four long and four short sides in corners. The basic cross pattern(+) intersects with the second (x) pattern linking the central hall to the four corner rooms. The ground placn is alike with the upper floor.
Exterior: The influence of naturalism is commonly felt through the detailed decorations of the plinths carvings. The pishtaq halls above the plinth are ornamented with the carvings of flower patters growing up from the ground namely tulip, narcissus with smaller flowers and framed by leaf motifs " pietra dura". Geometrically designed,yellow and black coloured rectangular frames with eights-side stars on the corners embellish the over-plinth decoration facing the garden.
The pishtaqs are framed by the passages of Qur'an emphasizing the divine forgiveness, the last judgment and reward for the faithful believers. The top of rectangular frames dominate the inner walls of the pishtaq halls. The arched doors of the pishtaqs are covered with jalis, the cages desighned in honeycomb pattern. The door on the ground floor is larger than the one above. The sub-pishtaq are rather smaller and smaller and simple with out pattern. The blind arches surround the halls of the sub-pishtaq. The caged door is located in the center.
How to reach Agra:
Air: Agra airport(AGR) is a military airbase 12.5 kms away from the city.
Train:
Agra is located in between the main train lines from Delhi to Mumbai and from Delhi to Chennai.It is like a junction and this makes Agra easy to reach by train from almost anywhere. From Delhi, you can reach Agra by train in about 2-3 hours by Bhopal Shatabdi, Bhopal Express, Malwa Express,Gondwana Express,Jablpur-Jammutai Express, etc.
There are also luxury trains that stop at Agra such as palace on wheels. Agra has three railwaystations. The main one is Agra cantt with the station in india and trains to east and central India passes from this station. The third one small station called Raja Ki Mandi, and Mahakoshal Express, Amritsar Express and Interciry Express.
Road:
Agra is 204kms away from the capital Delhi and is on the crossroads of national highways 2,3 and 11.Ground transportation from Delhi to Agra takes approximately 3.5-4 hours. Taxies and busses are available from Delhi to Agra. Busses are always more economical than train and air transportation.
The main busstations in Agra are Idgah and Agra Fort and there are scheduled, air-conditioned and luxury busses from Delhi, Jaipur, Gualior, Jhansi and Lucknow.
Driving to Agra is also easy and comfortable with new modern highways. From Delhi you can take the NH2 highway_200km), from Jaipur you can take number 11(255km), from Gwalior the Natinal highway which is 120km and from Lucknow NH2 which is 285km.
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